Brent,
I'm not sure of the answer to your last question.. Could be that RAW is not completely raw. That has been true for previous cameras, at least for earlier Nikons. But, when I do an outdoor white balance calibration, I use it so that I can take scenery shots, but don't usually bother changing settings on the camera when shooting deep-sly. (You would have to recalibrate w/ gray card for incandescent lighting, for instance, but that calibration would also work as a starting point for deep-sky.) One thing you can do if you want to get a good starting RGB balance is to deBayer the DSLR image, then take, say the green image (because it usually has better signal-to-noise due to having 2G pixels for 1-each R & B) and linear fit the R & B to the green and recombine the images using, for instance, the LRGB procedure.
One thing to be aware of is that you should use the batch deBayer script and not operate on the integrated (stacked) images, since stacked images do not retain the camera's Bayer patter.
Another resource for judging and selecting color balance is to see what others have done. I usually brouse AstroBin and DSO Browser just to get an idea of what others have done and how I might like to vary the image color balance or saturations, etc.
Alex