As Carlos has said, you need Visual Studio 2013 or 2015 on Windows. The reason is that VS 2013 is the first version that supports a reasonably decent subset of C++11, which is now required for PCL 2.1.
For module development, Qt is only needed for the XISF format support module. If you don't plan to work on XISF, you don't need Qt at all. Otherwise you need a working Qt 5.5 installation, but only the QtCore and QtXml libraries are required in this case.
If you plan on releasing Linux binaries, be careful as to which version of glibc your modules depend on. In practice this means that you should compile on Fedora 19 or Fedora 20, but not Fedora 21 or later, to be sure that your modules don't depend on anything newer than glibc 2.17.
As for tools, I work with Kate almost exclusively, along with a number of custom scripts and utilities that I've been writing over the years for automated code maintenance. When I really need a debug session (which is a serious deal with a monster like PixInsight), I use Eclipse.