Here we go:
- New Instance icon (aka 'the blue triangle'). Click this icon and drag it to generate a new instance of a process that encapsulates all parameters currently defined on the corresponding interface window. You can drag this instance to the workspace to create a new icon, or to an image to apply the process, among other actions.
- Apply button (blue square). Click this button to apply a process to the active view. The active view is the current view (a main view or a preview) on the active window. The effect is the same as if you drag the blue triangle to the active view.
- Apply Global button (blue sphere). Click this button to execute a process on the global context of PI. Not all processes can be applied globally. When a process is executed globally, it does not apply to any particular image. For example, a process that can only be executed globally is Preferences. This process changes a number of options that affect the whole PixInsight platform —such as folders, window colors, parallel processing settings, etc.—, but it does not change any image.
Hope this helps.