I did think of dust, but discounted it on the basis of the total exposure time - just 67 mins, made up of 10, 15, 20 and 30 second exposures - f/3.2, iso800.
The other problem was differential flexure. Exposures are unguided, but alignment was unusually good and I should have dithered the frames periodically - could this contribute to the problem? Originally the image was streaky, but I managed to process a lot of this out. Maybe it shows up with non-linear processing and more extensive stretching.
If it is dust, then this is all too funny - I've spent hours attempting to eliminate good data.