A bit more clarification.
This ONLY happens to me when I have the "Median Transform" box checked, which is my preferred process. If the preview is small enough, it works every time and I can use Substitute With Preview to apply to that area to that part of the image. But if the preview is too large, nothing happens when I apply it in the preview (the process seems to happen, since it takes some time, but there is absolutely no change in the result , even at maximum zoomed in). Also, nothing happens when I apply it to the full image. This is a very repeatable process. In fact, I can't recall any time recently when I have been apply to successfully apply this process to the entire image (My images are typically 4656 by 3520). Last year, I don't recall having this problem at all.
I have NO problems at all if I uncheck the Median Transform box. Then it works every time on any size image, but I don't like the result as much as when the box is checked.
I am a practical person, so if I am the only one having this problem (no one else has yet replied to this thread to say they have the same problem), then perhaps I just have a setting incorrectly set somewhere on my system and it is just my problem, so I wouldn't expect any help.
FYI, I have a new fast gaming desktop running Windows 10 and plenty of memory, disk space, and graphics processing capability.